Neutrality in Omani Foreign Policy: (The Reigns of Qaboos and Haitham)

Abstract

Abstract:

This research presents an in-depth analysis of the concept of neutrality in the foreign policy of the Sultanate of Oman through a comparative study of the eras of Sultan Qaboos bin Said (1970–2020) and Sultan Haitham bin Tariq (2020–present). The study is based on the assumption that Oman has adopted positive neutrality as a sustainable strategic option that has enabled it to maintain the independence of its foreign-policy decision-making and to play active diplomatic roles despite its sensitive geopolitical position in a volatile region.The research is divided into two main sections: The first addresses the conceptual and theoretical framework of neutrality, distinguishing between passive and positive neutrality, and analyzing the determinants of neutrality within the Omani context. The second focuses on the practical applications of neutrality under both Sultans by examining Oman’s positions during key regional crises, such as the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf crisis, the Yemeni conflict, and Gulf–Iranian tensions.,Methodologically, the study employs a descriptive–analytical approach supported by comparative analysis and the case-study method, relying on credible academic and field-based sources.The findings reveal that Oman has successfully established a distinctive model of neutrality in the Arab region—one that combines non-involvement in conflicts with active engagement in mediation and quiet diplomacy. The study also shows that Oman has been able to preserve this approach under Sultan Haitham despite emerging challenges, making the Omani experience a significant example of long-term strategic neutrality within an increasingly unstable international environment