Official institutions in Iraq after 2005: constitutional roles and responsibilities

Abstract

                Official institutions are a fundamental pillar in building the Iraqi state and society, as they represent the primary instrument for regulating relations between the government and citizens and achieving development and stability. Especially after 2003, Iraq witnessed major political and administrative transformations that reshaped its institutions, highlighting the need to understand the roles of each of the constitutional institutions in managing public affairs.Official institutions are those established by the constitution or laws, such as legislative, executive, and judicial institutions, independent bodies, and government departments. Their tasks include enacting laws, implementing public policies, and providing Independent bodies and government departments. Their tasks include enacting laws, implementing public policies, providing services to citizens, and ensuring the rule of law. They also contribute to achieving security, managing public resources, formulating public policies, and overseeing national development. However, they face challenges such as weak institutional coordination, widespread administrative corruption, and overlapping jurisdictions, which reduce their effectiveness in performing their constitutional tasks within their structural framework.