Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of States' Military Capabilities: An Analysis of Opportunities and Risks

Abstract

Abstract:

This research examines artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on the transformation of national military capabilities, exploring both opportunities and risks. AI is considered one of the most significant variables affecting the security and military environment, having fundamentally altered the nature of military power and the methods of managing conflicts and wars. The research aims to analyze the impact of AI applications on developing national military capabilities, highlighting the key opportunities that this technology offers, while also reviewing the risks and challenges arising from its use in the military field.

The research problem is represented in the following main question: “To what extent has artificial intelligence contributed to a transformation in the military capabilities of countries? What are the most prominent opportunities and risks resulting from this transformation?”. As for the research hypothesis, the research seeks to prove the following hypothesis: “Artificial intelligence represents a major factor in reshaping the military capabilities of countries, and that possessing this technology and employing it efficiently gives countries important strategic advantages. However, this is countered by an increase in the size of security, legal and ethical risks, which necessitates building legislative and regulatory frameworks and strengthening international cooperation to ensure the responsible use of these technologies in a way that preserves national security and international peace and security.”

The research concludes that AI has become a fundamental pillar in building modern military capabilities by improving command and control efficiency, enhancing intelligence and reconnaissance capabilities, supporting decision-making, developing autonomous combat systems, and increasing the accuracy and speed of military operations. Conversely, the research highlights a range of risks, most notably the potential for the irresponsible use of autonomous weapons, cyber threats, the escalating technological arms race, and the legal and ethical challenges related to accountability for decisions regarding the use of force.

 The research concludes that artificial intelligence represents a strategic opportunity to enhance the military capabilities of countries, but maximizing its benefits requires balanced national policies that combine investment in advanced technologies, development of human competencies, strengthening cyber-security, and establishing legal and ethical frameworks that regulate the use of its military applications, in a way that achieves national security and maintains regional and international stability.