The Ibadi Sects and Their Stance on Issues of Faith and Leadership

Abstract

Abstract

This research focuses on the pivotal issues that formed the basis of the differences between the various Ibadi sects, most notably: the issue of the Imamate and its conditions, the stance towards those who commit major sins, and the nature of the relationship with those who differ in opinion and doctrine. These issues led to the emergence of numerous Ibadi sects, varying in the severity and rigidity of their positions.

The research presents the main Ibadi sect, the Wahhabiyya, upon which the school of thought settled and which came to represent Ibadi Islam throughout the ages. It also presents its methodology, based on moderation, and its reliance on the concept of ingratitude rather than polytheism in judging those who commit major sins, in addition to its call for peaceful coexistence and the avoidance of extremism and fanaticism.

The research also addresses a number of extinct Ibadi sects, such as the Nakariyya, the Harithiyya, and the Khalafiyya, explaining the reasons for their demise, which are mostly attributed to their intellectual rigidity, their extreme political stances, or their limited geographical and human reach. The research concludes that the sectarian diversity within the Ibadi school was a historical phenomenon that did not weaken the school's cohesion, but rather contributed to shaping its doctrinal and jurisprudential methodology. The research also affirms that the Ibadi adherence to the Wahhabi school of thought was a fundamental factor in the school's continuity and survival to the present day as an Islamic school characterized by moderation and balance.